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The End Begins:
The Anatomy of a Failure in Diplomacy and the Origins of War

It is difficult to imagine how history will remember the events of the week of March 23rd, 2003. With everyone I've spoken to, it is a source of no small amount of debate or discussion. Why is war necessary? What does this have to do with the war on terror? Is this war about oil? Is it more American Imperialism? Does it violate international law?

Kofi Annan perhaps said it best when he stated that it is up to the United Nations Security Council to work out their differences, and that their failure to do so will reflect on legitimacy of the entirety of the United Nations. In the days before the opening of conflict, when it was clear what the Bush Administration's position was, no other nation, not France, not Germany, not Russia, stepped up to the plate to offer a counter proposal or attempt to address the Bush Administration's concerns. Not one of them was willing to ATTEMPT to quantify, in terms the world could clearly understand, a definition and time table with check boxes for meaningful inspections for disarmament that would clearly and unequivocally demonstrate the Iraqi regime's compliance with resolution 1441. Unfortunately this lack of specificity engulfing resolution 1441 has affected many resolutions passed by the UN, including the UN resolutions that ended the Gulf War which left room for the United States to resume the war should the Iraqi regime violate ANY of the disarmament conditions. People can argue about what is or isn't legal in the realm of International Law, but when it comes down to it on this day, there are several facts that remain unsettling.


The Facts


War Was Totally Preventable
Even with the Bush Administration's committed military stance to forcibly disarm Saddam, war was absolutely preventable. There are certain rules of diplomacy that anyone who's ever negotiated understands. As long as two sides of any disagreement keep talking, diplomacy remains viable. The failure to stop the war was not a Bush Administration failure by virtue of the single fact that it attempted to pass a resolution that attempted to quantify specific details in a fixed time frame. Whether or not anyone felt that was too little time is something that could have been dealt with if an opposing side presented a counter proposal. But no counter proposal was ever presented and it became an international failure of which the United States is a part of.

  1. As long as there are viable options and negotiations ongoing, a country that values public opinion and world opinion does not go to war. It is tremendously disappointing to me that despite their anti-war stance, France, Germany, and Russia, in essence allowed for the Bush Administration to go to war. They did not have the commitment or resolve to stop it.
  2. Successful negotiations occur when two sides with different opinions maintain flexibility and the willingness to continue to talk around a table. BOTH sides must be willing to talk AND be willing to back down from their absolute position. If only one side is willing to negotiate and the other side remains inflexible, diplomacy WILL fail. If both sides remain inflexible in their positions, diplomacy WILL fail.
  3. If you want peace you're actually going to have to get off your ass and do some work. The Bush Administration position was clear and it tried to build consensus for a resolution by establishing a timeline and solid key features that would satisfy their position. Now the intelligent thing would have been for France, Germany, OR Russia, to back down from their no-war, veto threat position, and take a leadership position by saying "Why don't we try to quantify the requirements of the resolution in a reasonable way so that everyone can see Saddam's regime is complying. Perhaps10 days is too short, maybe we can stretch that to 30 days? This way the results the Bush Administration require will be met and there won't be a need for war." Because, you know, if Iraq meets all the solid conditions imposed with all the check boxes checked off, the Bush Administration can't launch a war in the face of the world because the demands and requirements would have been met.
  4. The fact all three of these nations failed to act either means they are incapable of taking a leadership position or they knew Iraq was going to be incapable of meeting the deadlines and therefore maintained their stance knowing that the Bush Administration was going to attack anyway.


Opinion is opinion
Everyone has an opinion and on this issue, and many have a very strong opinion. The reality is however that not everyone has the same opinion here in the United States or around the world. World opinion is split as much as domestic opinion is. No, really it is. Each of us has strong opinions about whether or not we should have gone to war. And as much as we'd hate to admit it, there are at least as many of us who disagree.

What's difficult is that there is not a global consensus that the action taken by the United States is inappropriate, wrong, or even immoral. In the first gulf war the United States had nowhere near the kind of support it has now. The Gulf War I, the United States had the support of most of the really strong first world nations, but nowhere near as many nations geographically as Gulf War II. There are 189 nations in the UN. 2 nations, Switzerland and Vatican City are not in the UN. And Taiwan hasn't been counted as a nation. The fact 45 of those nations (Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Albania, Macedonia, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey, Australia, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, the Philippines, Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Georgia, the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, the Solomon Islands, Mongolia, Palau, Kuwait, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Uganda, Rwanda, Angola, El Salvador, Colombia, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, and Honduras) would openly support the Bush Administration's action and feel it confident politically to do so, is clear evidence how split the world is over this action. And clearly there are a number of nations supporting the United States effort but are not counted in the coalition, including several members of the Arab League.

I've heard some say in very derogatory terms, about the relative "insignificance" of some of these nations in the coalition supporting the Bush Administration. Well, if we gave a voice to only those states that were truly significant, our country would probably be run by maybe thirteen or fourteen states. The top 13 states by population are California (33.8M), Texas (20.8M), New York(18.9M), Florida (15.9M), Illinois (12.4M), Pennyslvania (12.2M), Ohio (11.3M), Michigan (9.9M), New Jersey (8.4M), Georgia (8.1M), North Carolina (8M), Virginia (7M), and Massachusetts (6.3M). These 13 states total 173M out of the total population of 281M people, making up 61% of the population. Who's to say what defines "significant" anyway? Wyoming is the least populated state with just under half a million people and Alaska and Vermont just peak over 600,000 people. Albania with 3.1M people has more population than 20 of our individual states. Are the voices of less populous or even less prosperous countries worth less in the community? For those unaware, United States is the third largest nation in the world by population at 281M people behind India at 1B and China at 1.29B. France, Germany and Russia weigh in at 60M, 82M, and 144M. And finally among Islamic countries, the most populous Islamic country isn't in the Middle East. It's Indonesia in the South Pacific, the fourth largest country by population in the world at just under 235M. In the Middle East itself, the most populous country is Iran with 65.6M followed distantly by Iraq and Saudia Arabia with 22.6M and 22M respectively. Egypt, technically a part of Africa weighs in at 70.7M while Israel weighs in at number 6 in the Middle East at 5.8M behind both Yemen and Syria with 17.4M and 16.3M respectively. In the global theater, every country should and thankful does have a fair say.

Saddam's Regime is no Eden
Nestled in the cradle of Mesopotamia between the Biblical Tigris and Euphrates River is the nation of Iraq. Sadly however, Saddam Hussein's regime is not the blissful happy regime that has done wonderful things for the Iraqi people. It is a dictatorship that was born in death and murder and has been washed in the blood of as many as half a million Iraqi people, possibly more that we can't even account for. In his rise to power, Saddam executed all opposition, including everyone who opposed or disagreed with him in his own Baath party. He had one of his sons, 16 year old Uday carry out the executions and he grew up the extremely loyal and brutal right hand of his father. Uprisings were put down with extreme force and mass executions handled swiftly to teach the lessons in the most brutal way possible. We have testimony from Iraqi exiles and even former Iraqi Olympic athletes who have verified these accounts.

At the end of the first Gulf War that liberated Kuwait, Saddam Hussein retook his country by force and murdered over 250,000 Shiite Muslims. He is a man who has authorized the use of chemical weapons on his own people and the execution of all opposition, including those who disagreed with him in his own party. He has used rape, torture, and executions to secure his position, and trained others in the use of such tactics, tactics he learned and emulated from his hero, Josef Stalin. Saddam is a man who has built an empire of opulence for himself and his cronies at the expense of the Iraqi people. During the past 10 years, Saddam and his sons continued to amass wealth worth more than the over 1 billion dollars worth of Iraqi assets recently frozen by the United States government. He has squandered money that could have gone to buy food to build his palaces, statues, and weapons for his loyal Republican Guard to make sure they're well equipped and ready to defend him to the death.

The Real Reason for War
Third, despite all of the things we might think this war is about- oil, imperialism, UN weapons inspections, etc, none of them really touch the real reason. Yes, as one of the largest consumers of oil, controlling a source of oil would be nice but it's a retarded reason to lose lives over. The weapons inspections and disarming Iraq were the excuseswe gave for attacking Saddam's regime, but if you look closely enough, they too were only symptoms of the true reason.

The true reason for this war is fear. It is fear that an untrustworthy, brutal dictator with no morals or ethics will supply terrorists with weapons that will kill thousands of Americans. The fear doesn't have to be real. Or it might be real and we just don't have enough information, but it doesn't have to be. It just has to seem real enough to be a threat. Like many things in life, how something appears is often more important than how it might really be. The difficult thing is that it's nearly impossible to quantify fear by any conventional means or inspections either because Saddam Hussein is a just a really clever guy or it's not there. What we have is a type of faith driven by fear, what you believe, what you fear might come to pass because of the way things seem. Whatever the flavor of fear, magnify it by the events of 9-11, throw in a dictator with a brutal horrible past, the continued historical record of deception, failure of inspections over the past 10 years because of the deception, and the bizarre almost piece-meal reluctant behavior of Saddam's Regime during the current round under UN resolution 1441, and you have a recipe for a disaster.

The reports from the inspectors have repeatedly stated the Iraq could be more forthcoming and more cooperative than it has. Again the facts:

Has Iraq been completely uncooperative? No.

Have they been completely forthcoming? No, and so much so that both the Arab League and Vatican City had both called for more cooperation from Saddam's regime in the strongest terms. The problem is they look like their cooperating and not cooperating at the same time. They conveniently lose letters from the inspectors, suddenly find things and documents they accidentally left out, and when caught with things they aren't supposed to have or didn't disclose, try to excuse it as something they did not believe was in violation or as an unfortunate accidental non-disclosure.

Has Saddam's regime presented any information that would have definitively proven they have dismantled their weapons, as resolution 1441 called for? No, and this is strange because we know that the regime keeps meticulous records where all their weapons are, who has/had them, and where they are/were stored. You would think they would be overjoyed to show the empty chemical shells as clear evidence of compliance. And certainly they'd have records of all the weapons they destroyed. Certainly the UN inspections in the last 10 years found a few and destroyed them, but certainly not the quantity that Iraq was known to have. What value is there in secretly destroying weapons of mass destructions that everyone thinks you have? The clever diabolical dictator would hide his best stash, while parading the weapons they did destroy as "sacrificial" PR pieces for the world to see.

Did the inspectors find solid proof of the existence of chemical or biological weapons? No. The closest they found were empty artillery shells and missile warheads that used to be filled with chemical weapons that the Iraqi regime did not admit it had. Reports like that do not ease the feelings of discomfort and fear. A cynic could too easily ask "If Saddam's cronies conveniently forgot about that, what else did they conveniently forget?"

Weapons of mass destruction provided by an immoral man to organizations that hate the United States. It seems an almost trite notion now to many people, particularly in the absence of any solid proof, not that such proof would ever be easy or even necessarily possible to acquire. But take a moment and imagine yourself president of the United States. On September 11th 2001, four commercial airliners are hijacked by members of Al-Qaeda. Three of those planes hit their mark, one crashes well before. If you're a conscientious president, you would want to know how this happened and whether attacks like this be stopped in the future. It has been amazing how crafty and sneaky the terrorists were, but in this case, many signs were present but ignored. Even with all the new procedures in place, can we really detect the next big attack before it happens? It is the ultimate nightmare of a president and his or her administration to be blamed for the failure to stop an attack that wipes out half of New York or San Francisco and leaves tens of thousands of people crippled for life.

The United Nations had documentation that 10 years ago, Iraq had the means, the labs (mobile or otherwise), and the facilities to produce chemical and biological weapons. It even had an infant nuclear program until it was bombed by Israel. It also had a checmical and biological weapons stockpile that no one has apparently been able to account for. Really. If the documents exist for their placement in bases and eventual removal, the Iraqis refused to provide them.

The question that we all should be asking, is how it is since November, we haven't been able to determine with any certainty whether or not Iraq has destroyed any of the weapons the UN believed it had? Remember, we know Iraq HAD these weapons. We didn't find evidence they still exist, but Saddam also didn't provide evidence except his word that they were destroyed. If you really think about it, there's no more perfect feed for paranoia and fear than uncertainty and evasiveness.

Now let's play President of the United States or a member of the cabinet for a moment. Can any president be remembered in history positively, much less survive re-election if a massive chemical or biological attack wiped out half of the population of San Francisco? That's 500,000 Americans for those of you who don't know. I don't believe a disaster like that in the shadow of September 11th is even remotely forgivable. It would be a tragedy of biblical proportions. And then what would be an appropriate response if we found the weapons were Iraqi? Nuclear? Fear motivates action on the world stage.

Do The Iraqi's Want Us There?
Now there will be many who will claim that the Iraqi people don't want us there, but anyone watching the pictures from the Shiite Muslims celebrating in Umm Qasr or listening to the news from Northern Iraq among the Kurds knows differently. Seeing is believing. The large number of surrenders of regular Iraqi army troops in both the first Gulf War and now has shown clearly that many Iraqis have no desire to die for Saddam.

Iraq is made up of primarily 3 different ethnic groups. The Shiite Muslims in the South, Kurds in the North and Suni Muslims in the Center. 65% of the population of Iraq are Shiite Muslim. Saddam and many if not all of his cronies are Suni. It is highly likely that Saddam's most loyal forces will be those among the Suni. But it would be equally true to say that no Suni Iraqi who opposed Saddam was spared his wrath. News programs after news programs have interviewed Iraqi exiles in the United States who have been in contact with families still in Iraq. All of them that I have seen support the United States action for the sole reason of freeing their families and the people from under the brutal thumb of Saddam Hussein. But I will add the caveat that nearly all of them interviewed were either those who had escaped Saddam's torture for political reasons (including his son Uday's body double and Saddam's mistress) or family of Shiite Muslims from the Southern areas of Iraq.

Religion
Saddam is no more a Muslim that Hitler was a Christian or Stalin a Communist. No religion or political ideology justifies murder to sustain power or rule. And no religion condones the death of hundreds of thousands of your brothers and sisters for the sake of your power. Saddam, Hitler, and Stalin all share that in common. They are all murders.



Finding a balanced position

Now having said all this, do I support the war in Iraq? It's a loaded question that implies if you do support it then you support the Administration's policy and if you don't then you support a murdering dictator.

  • War is a tool of politics. Every officer in the armed forces learns this rule in their first year of instruction. To many novices, this is not obvious. The standing military exists to protect our interests from threats foreign and domestic. They are at the command of a politician and a civilian, the president of the United States who is their Commander in Chief. Diplomacy should in all cases be the sole tool used in the politics between nations, however, when diplomacy fails, especially for powerful nations, the option of application of force to secure a political objective is the military's responsibility. It pains me greatly that I am forced to agree with the administration assertion that it did everything possible diplomatically. It is the administration's job to set the policy of United States and present its interests to the world. Whether or not you agreed with it, the Administration's position to the other member nations in the UN regarding Iraq was one that viewed Saddam's regime as a threat to the security of the United States and the world.
  • I do not believe that the administration made its case for war, but I equally believe that the war was completely preventable in the diplomatic arena if France, Germany, and Russia worked together with the US Administration to find a solution instead of simply being obstinately opposed to the Administration position. If you don't step up to the plate to TRY to make sure the concerns of a fearful administration are met in the process of securing peace you won't get it. I believe we have war because the countries who wanted peace didn't want peace badly enough to work for it. What is this with nations unwilling to define the terms of peace?
  • The suffering in Iraq is caused by one man: Saddam Hussein. Lifting embargoes will not change the practices of this brutal, hateful, and greedy man. He is a murderer and a butcher who disgraces the name of Islam and everything good. His children really are Greed and Hate and his mantra for leadership is control and power by killing his enemies. He appeals to idealism and believes he is a man of heroic stature beyond the reach of any man and above any law.
  • Did Iraq pose a threat to its neighbors? No, I didn't believe so.
  • Does Iraq pose a potential threat to supplying chemical weapons to terrorists? Possibly. If I were more fearful I might say yes, but truthfully what concerns me is even if I were not fearful and very confident of my government's ability to stop terrorist attacks, I could not say no to that.
  • Is there a real Al Qaeda link to Saddam? We know for certain only that an Islamic fundamentalist group calling itself Ansar al-Islam is reportedly linked to Saddam Hussein and supported by him. Colin Powell has made a case that this group is linked to Al Qaeda. There has certainly been no information made public that draws direct links between Ansar al-Islam and Al Qaeda. It's possible there is, it's possible it's just wishful thinking that there is, and it's possible there isn't. Without solid proof I can't certainly see this as a reason for war.
  • Do I think that the fact Saddam's regime could pose a threat by supplying chemical and bio weapons to terrorists is reason to go to war? By itself, no, primarily because I didn't feel that there was enough evidence to warrant it.
  • Do I think that the fact Saddam's regime could supply chemical and bio weapons to terrorists and were being evasive about the inspections is reason to go to war? Well, he's always been a big jerky-head but no.
  • Do I think Saddam Hussein should be removed from power? Yes. He is a murderer of hundreds of thousands. Any person who turns a cheek or blind eye to the murders this man has carried out and says that what he does in his country is none of our business should be ashamed of themselves. The evil and magnitude of Saddam's actions are not on the scale of some of the greatest atrocities ever, but are no different than the holocaust in Germany under Hitler and the slaughter of Jews and normal Russians in Russia under Stalin. It is perhaps the greatest tragedy of all that international law is completely toothless in the removal of men like that and how in all the talk of the US possibly breaking international law, no nation in the decades of Saddam's rule has cried with any concern over the body count created by this vicious man. It is tragic that in a time when we supposedly stand for higher ideals, we still turn a blind eye to the human slaughter caused by a murderous dictator while arguing about principles and laws of whether its appropriate to use military force over things like inspections of weapons of mass destruction. Does anyone else notice that the weapons inspections and children reportedly dying in Iraq due to embargo were just a symptom of a greater problem facing humanity, namely the evil self-delusional bloodthirsty dictator the the United States considered an ally during the Cold War? Sound familiar?
  • What happens after? I support a free-Iraq with the Iraqi people in firm control of THEIR oil. I do not believe either Iran or Turkey should be involved in shaping what happens to Iraq afterwards because of the bad blood between them and elements in Iraq. I believe that the United Nations has an OBLIGATION to step up to the plate to make things work and re-legitimize itself as an organization that can work for a peace and not squabble like children over their own self-interests. It is now too late to entertain any what-if we didn't attack Saddam scenarios. Saddam has proven himself a desperate man who will do anything to hold on to power and survive. Now that the war has started there is no viable political solution but to remove him from power. If he wasn't a threat to the world before, he definitely is now. Nobody wounds men like him and expects no repercussions.

-Albert Wang
March 23, 2003

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